涉外用工：外国驻华代表机构如何聘用中国劳动者？

外国驻华代表机构如何聘用中国劳动者
How Do Foreign Representative Offices in China Employ Chinese Employees

一、涉外用工分类
Categories of Foreign-related Employment

涉外用工从发生地的角度来看可以分为两类：

一类是中国境内的涉外用工，包括中国的用人单位在中国境内雇佣外国人，外资企业及外国驻华代表机构在境内雇佣中国人，以及外资企业在境内雇佣外国人。

另一类是中国境外的涉外用工，包括中国境内的用人单位在境外雇佣中国人，境内的用人单位在境外雇佣外国人，以及境外的企业在境外雇佣中国人。

Foreign related employment from the perspective of the place of occurrence can be divided into two categories.

One is foreign-related employment within China, including Chinese employers employing foreigners within China, foreign-funded enterprises and foreign representative offices in China employing Chinese citizens, and foreign-funded enterprises employing foreigners within China.

The other is foreign related employment outside China, including Chinese employers employing Chinese citizens outside China, Chinese employers employing foreigners outside China, and foreign enterprises employing Chinese citizens outside China.

概括来说，涉外用工中的涉外因素指：劳动者是外国人或者无国籍的人；用人单位是境外组织；或者用工地在境外。本文主要讨论外资企业及外国（企业）驻华代表机构在境内雇佣中国人的相关问题。

Generally speaking, the foreign-related factors in foreign-related employment refer to: the employee is a foreigner or a stateless person, the employer is an overseas organization, or the place of employment is outside the country. This article mainly discusses the issues related to foreign-funded enterprises and foreign representative offices employing Chinese people within China.


二、相关法律规定
Related Laws & Regulations

根据《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第二条的规定，中华人民共和国境内的企业、个体经济组织、民办非企业单位等组织，国家机关、事业单位、社会团体在中国境内雇佣劳动者适用劳动合同法。

此外，根据《中华人民共和国劳动合同法实施条例》第三条、第四条的规定，依法成立的会计师事务所、律师事务所等合伙组织和基金会，以及劳动合同法规定的前述用人单位设立的分支机构，依法取得营业执照或者登记证书的也可以与劳动者建立劳动关系。

According to Article 2 of the Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the law applies to labor employment within China by enterprises, individual economic organizations, private non-enterprise entities, etc. in the People's Republic of China.

In addition, according to Article 3 and Article 4 of the Implementation Regulations for the Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, legally established accounting firms, law firms and other partnerships and foundations, as well as a branch office established by an employer as defined in the Labour Contract Law is entitled to conclude labor contracts with employees in the name of the employer on the condition that the office has obtained a business license or registration certificate in accordance with the law.


三、案例研究
Case Study

从定义来看，外资企业是指根据中国相关法律规定，在中国境内设立的由外国投资者独自投资经营的企业。外国企业常驻代表机构是指外国企业依照《外国企业常驻代表机构登记管理条例》，在中国境内设立的从事与该外国企业业务有关的非营利性活动的办事机构。代表机构不具有法人资格。

因此，依照中国相关法律正式设立的外资企业在中国境内雇佣中国劳动者与内资企业雇佣中国劳动者在适用法律上没有太大区别。那么，外国（企业）驻华代表机构如何雇佣中国劳动者？

By definition, a foreign-funded enterprise refers to an enterprise established in China and operated solely by a foreign investor in accordance with relevant Chinese laws and regulations. A resident representative office of a foreign enterprise referred to an office established by a foreign enterprise in China pursuant to the provisions of Administrative Regulations on Registration of Permanent Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises to engage in non-profit making activities relating to the businesses of the foreign enterprise. Permanent representative offices do not qualify as legal person.

Therefore, there is no significant difference in the application of law between foreign-funded enterprises formally established in accordance with relevant Chinese laws employing Chinese labors in China and domestic enterprises employing Chinese workers. So how do foreign (enterprise) representative offices in China employ Chinese employees?

王景于2009年2月23日到美国汇盛公司北京代表处（以下简称“汇盛代表处”）工作，担任市场运营总监职务。2009年9月21日，汇盛代表处辞退王景，双方解除劳动关系。王景主张其与汇盛代表处形成了劳动关系，故要求汇盛代表处支付未订立劳动合同二倍工资差额、解除劳动关系经济补偿金、代通知金、试用期工资差额、试用期满后工资差额、加班工资、年终奖及以上各项25％的经济补偿金。

北京市东城区人民法院认为，汇盛代表处系外国企业常驻代表机构。王景为汇盛代表处工作，未通过外事服务单位的招聘及派遣，故双方所建立的并非劳动关系。因此，王景的上述诉讼请求缺乏依据。

Wang Jing joined Huisheng Beijing Representative Office (hereinafter referred to as Huisheng Representative Office) on February 23, 2009, and served as Director of Marketing Operations. On September 21, 2009, Huisheng Representative Office dismissed Wang Jing and the labor relationship between the two parties was terminated. Wang Jing claims that he has established a labor relationship with Huisheng representative Office, so he requires Huisheng representative Office to pay twice the wage difference for not concluding a labor contract, economic compensation for the termination of labor relations, compensation in lieu of notice, wage difference during the probation period, wage difference after the expiration of the probation period, overtime pay, year-end bonus and 25% of the above economic compensation.

Beijing Dongcheng District People's Court believes that Huisheng representative office is a resident representative office of foreign enterprises. Wang Jing works for Huisheng Representative Office but has not been recruited or dispatched by foreign service company. Therefore, the relationship between the two parties is not an employment relationship. As a result, Wang Jing's claim lacks support.


四、实务建议
Practical Advice

根据《国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》（国发(1980)272号）第十一条，常驻代表机构租用房屋、聘请工作人员，应当委托当地外事服务单位或者中国政府指定的其他单位办理。

因此，外国企业常驻代表机构（包括外国使领馆）若需在中国境内雇佣劳动者，应通过当地外事服务单位签署劳动合同并缴纳社保，代表机构与外事服务单位签署服务合同或劳务派遣合同，由外事服务单位将劳动者派遣至代表机构。代表机构在国内直接雇佣人员的，将会被认定为普通民事雇佣关系，不受劳动合同法保护。

According to Article 11 of Interim Regulations of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China concerning the Control of Resident Representative Offices of Foreign Enterprises, A resident office should entrust local service units for foreigners or such other units may be designed by the Chinese Government on such matters as renting a house or engaging the service of Chinese personnel.

Therefore, if the resident representative office of a foreign enterprise (including foreign embassies and consulates) needs to hire employees in China, it shall sign a labor contract and pay social insurance through the local foreign affairs service unit. The representative office shall sign a service contract or labor dispatch contract with the foreign affairs service unit, and the foreign affairs service unit shall dispatch the employees to the representative office. If a representative office directly employs employees in the country, it will be recognized as an ordinary civil relationship and will not be protected by the Labor Contract Law.


相关律师



谭娟 合伙人
上海律协劳动与社会保障专业委员会 委员

邮箱：tanjuan@riyinglawfirm.cn
业务领域：劳动争议、风控合规、公司类业务

谭娟律师于上海对外经贸大学取得法律硕士学位，能够以中英文提供双语法律服务。自执业以来，谭律师为个人与企业处理各类案件，提供以下服务：劳动争议解决、劳动相关合规处理、劳动及公司日常经营相关法律咨询、合同法及公司经营涉及的诉讼、合同审核与起草等。